Executive Summary

Financial Consolidation

The financial records of an enterprise must be reviewed periodically and summarized to create financial statements that inform executives and interested third parties of the organization’s financial condition and performance. A consolidation of the financial records and other departmental close processes involves an intricate set of repeated processes that must be performed in a prescribed order and fashion. Enterprise software enables finance and accounting departments to be more productive by automating calculations, coordinating the execution of processes and facilitating communication among participants. The desire to make the department more productive and resilient has led to increased investment in technology to assist in performing the full consolidate and close cycle.

ISG Research defines consolidation software as an application that manages the financial consolidation process in conformance with accounting standards for enterprises with complex requirements.

This guide examines software that focuses solely on managing the financial consolidation process, programs that assist in managing the accounting close processes and packages that combine the functionality of both.

ISG Research defines consolidation software as an application that manages the financial consolidation process in conformance with accounting standards for enterprises with complex requirements. All accounting or ERP systems will perform a statutory consolidation of the accounts handled in that system using the generally accepted accounting principles of the parent company. But this approach is inadequate for enterprises that, for example, use accounting systems from multiple providers or other complicating factors that necessitate a separate system. We define close-management software as applications that support the timely and efficient completion of close-cycle tasks, especially automating reconciliations and performing process management functions.

Financial consolidation systems became a software category in the mid-1980s with the appearance of the first applications that could run on personal computers. They gained popularity because accounting professionals could operate them independently of the IT department. Over the next two decades, the software became more sophisticated, gaining features and functionality. In the Teens, the applications migrated to the cloud. Since lockdowns disrupted departments in 2020, and facing a shortage of accountants, executives focused on using technology to enhance the productivity (not just the efficiency) of their staff. In particular, they are sourcing systems to manage financial consolidation, transform easily automated processes and streamline processes with workflows.

Consolidation is necessary when an enterprise has multiple legal entities, subsidiaries, joint ventures or other forms of ownership or control of operating units. The financial consolidation process involves eliminating intercompany transactions and balances to provide a comprehensive and accurate view of the organization’s financial condition and performance. The consolidation process and its rigorous methods are prescribed by financial accounting authorities and can be quite complex.

The consolidation process and its methods are tightly prescribed by financial accounting authorities and can be quite complex.

Consolidation is only part of the financial or accounting close, which is the process of finalizing an enterprise's financial statements at the end of an accounting period, such as a month, quarter or year. During the financial close, all financial transactions are reconciled, reviewed and adjusted as needed to prepare the financial statements. These include the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and the statement of shareholders’ equity. This process is essential for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of financial reporting, and it is often a critical step in meeting regulatory requirements and providing stakeholders with a clear picture of the company's financial performance.

In all but the smallest enterprises, consolidation and close processes require coordination and collaboration. Software assists in ensuring that steps in the process are completed correctly: Direct communications reinforce collaboration, participants easily access documents and notations and reminders keep necessary reviews and sign-offs on track. Those managing the process can easily monitor progress and provide alerts when issues arise.

Consolidation and close-management software has improved, incorporating real-time integration with source systems. This is important because of the myriad last-minute adjustments and corrections that happen during the consolidation process. Systems now offer more effective collaboration features to smooth the process and ensure resiliency, including secure data sharing and centralized document storage for working papers and supporting evidence. For enterprises with especially complex structures and reporting requirements, the ability to consolidate using multiple accounting standards at different levels and branches of the corporate hierarchy can be useful.

Another factor driving the adoption of dedicated software is the desire to shorten the accounting close. The accounting or financial close is the process of finalizing a company's financial statements at the end of an accounting period, such as a month, quarter or year. During the financial close, all financial transactions are reviewed and adjusted, and the financial statements are prepared, including the balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and the statement of shareholders’ equity. This process ensures the accuracy and completeness of financial reporting, and it is often a critical step in meeting regulatory requirements and providing stakeholders with a clear picture of the company's financial performance. ISG Research asserts that by 2028, one-half of midsize and larger enterprises will use close management software to speed the close and achieve greater control of the process.

There has been agreement that organizations should complete the accounting close within a business week. Workflow automation is especially useful in handling the close-consolidate-report cycle, specifically to manage the process in a hybrid working environment and for organizations that span the globe. As with any workflow-enabled process, administrators spend far less time ensuring individuals have started or completed their tasks, hand-offs are smoother and, where reviews and approvals are required, these events are recorded and easily accessed by external and internal auditors and support assertions by executives that internal controls and procedures have been followed.

Workflow-enabled systems also contribute to a smoother close because consolidating and closing the books should be almost exactly the same from one period to the next, including processes for handling exceptions and unexpected events and managing the close calendar. With workflow, the controller and chief accounting officer can spend less time on administration while having greater situational awareness and control.

Today’s technology can help finance and accounting executives make their departments more productive in ways that improve the working environment and make it possible for them to attract and retain the best talent in a resource-constrained market. Advances provided by artificial intelligence (AI) and even generative AI (GenAI) will likely make dedicated consolidation and close software an even more compelling choice, especially in a time of growing complexity in accounting standards and tax laws. While accounting relies on doing the same things consistently, how they are done is constantly evolving because of legal and regulatory changes, as well as the evolution of accounting principles. A continuous improvement mindset enables the adaptability and resilience necessary to remain productive. Software designed to assist in managing the accounting close is an essential tool for financial executives.

The capability frameworks for the Close Management Buyers Guides encompass comprehensive methods for managing the critical components of financial close operations. These frameworks address the management of reconciliations, ensuring accurate account balancing and discrepancy resolution throughout the close cycle. Process and administration capabilities provide structured workflows and administrative oversight to maintain efficiency and control. Journal management functionality supports the accurate recording and processing of financial transactions, while analysis and reporting features enable comprehensive financial insights and stakeholder communication. Collaboration, compliance and auditing components facilitate seamless coordination among team members and ensure adherence to regulatory requirements and internal controls. Additionally, the frameworks incorporate the application of natural language processing, AI, and GenAI technologies to enhance process automation, accuracy and decision-making capabilities across all close management activities.

The ISG Buyers Guide™ for Financial Consolidation 2025 evaluates software providers and products that includes consolidation process management, consolidation, intercompany management, journals and optionally, support for auditing and AI/GenAI capabilities. These are the essential functions for financial consolidation for guiding and managing the processes in an enterprise.

This research evaluates the following software providers offering products to address key elements of financial consolidation as we define it: Anaplan, BlackLine, Board, HighRadius, IBM, Infor, insightsoftware, insightsoftware IDL, Jedox, Lucanet, OneStream, Oracle, Planful, Prophix, SAP, Talentia Software, Vena Solutions, Wolters Kluwer and Workday.

Buyers Guide Overview

For over two decades, ISG Research has conducted market research in a spectrum of areas across business applications, tools and technologies. We have designed the Buyers Guide to provide a balanced perspective of software providers and products that is rooted in an understanding of the business requirements in any enterprise. Utilization of our research methodology and decades of experience enables our Buyers Guide to be an effective method to assess and select software providers and products. The findings of this research undertaking contribute to our comprehensive approach to rating software providers in a manner that is based on the assessments completed by an enterprise.

ISG Research has designed the Buyers Guide to provide a balanced perspective of software providers and products that is rooted in an understanding of business requirements in any enterprise.

The ISG Buyers Guide™ for Financial Consolidation is the distillation of over a year of market and product research efforts. It is an assessment of how well software providers’ offerings address enterprises’ requirements for financial consolidation software. The index is structured to support a request for information (RFI) that could be used in the request for proposal (RFP) process by incorporating all criteria needed to evaluate, select, utilize and maintain relationships with software providers. An effective product and customer experience with a provider can ensure the best long-term relationship and value achieved from a resource and financial investment.

In this Buyers Guide, ISG Research evaluates the software in seven key categories that are weighted to reflect buyers’ needs based on our expertise and research. Five are product-experience related: Adaptability, Capability, Manageability, Reliability, and Usability. In addition, we consider two customer-experience categories: Validation, and Total Cost of Ownership/Return on Investment (TCO/ROI). To assess functionality, one of the components of Capability, we applied the ISG Research Value Index methodology and blueprint, which links the personas and processes for financial consolidation to an enterprise’s requirements.

The structure of the research reflects our understanding that the effective evaluation of software providers and products involves far more than just examining product features, potential revenue or customers generated from a provider’s marketing and sales efforts. We believe it is important to take a comprehensive, research-based approach, since making the wrong choice of financial consolidation technology can raise the total cost of ownership, lower the return on investment and hamper an enterprise’s ability to reach its full performance potential. In addition, this approach can reduce the project’s development and deployment time and eliminate the risk of relying on a short list of software providers that does not represent a best fit for your enterprise.

ISG Research believes that an objective review of software providers and products is a critical business strategy for the adoption and implementation of financial consolidation software and applications. An enterprise’s review should include a thorough analysis of both what is possible and what is relevant. We urge enterprises to do a thorough job of evaluating financial consolidation systems and tools and offer this Buyers Guide as both the results of our in-depth analysis of these providers and as an evaluation methodology.

Key Takeaways

Financial consolidation and close processes are critical for producing accurate financial statements and meeting regulatory requirements, but they are resource-intensive. Consolidation removes intercompany transactions for a complete financial view, while the close process reconciles and adjusts accounts to finalize reports. Modern software streamlines these tasks by automating workflows, reconciliations and reporting, while integrating with source systems to enhance collaboration and audit readiness. These tools now help enterprises shorten close cycles, reduce errors and increase productivity.

Software Provider Summary

The research identifies OneStream, BlackLine and Oracle as the market leaders, demonstrating strong performance across multiple categories, while providers such as Anaplan, Workday and Board showed more targeted strengths. Classification placed OneStream, BlackLine and Oracle in the Exemplary quadrant, Board and Workday in Innovative, Anaplan and Prophix in Assurance, and HighRadius, Vena Solutions and Wolters Kluwer in Merit, reflecting relative performance across Product and Customer Experience dimensions. This framework enables enterprises to quickly assess which providers deliver the strongest overall balance of capability and customer value.

Product Experience Insights

Product Experience accounted for 80% of the overall rating, weighted across capability, usability, reliability, adaptability and manageability. OneStream, Oracle and BlackLine emerged as Leaders by delivering comprehensive functionality across consolidation, close management and reporting, while providers such as Board, Workday and Anaplan offered good breadth. The evaluation highlighted adaptability as differentiators, with strong performers offering flexible integration and streamlined workflows.

Customer Experience Value

Customer Experience represented 20% of the overall evaluation, emphasizing validation and TCO/ROI. Leaders in this category—OneStream, BlackLine and Anaplan—demonstrated strong customer commitment, investment justification and robust lifecycle support. Providers that fell short often lacked customer references or failed to communicate a consistent engagement approach. Performance in Customer Experience reflects not only the quality of the product but also the provider’s ability to support the enterprise.

Strategic Recommendations

Enterprises should approach record-to-report software selection as a strategic investment in financial accuracy, compliance and operational resilience rather than simply a feature comparison. Buyers should prioritize solutions that automate workflows, support collaboration across teams and integrate seamlessly with multiple systems to reduce complexity and accelerate the close. Organizations are advised to balance cost considerations with long-term benefits, focusing on platforms that improve productivity, reduce risk and deliver sustainable business value.

How To Use This Buyers Guide

Evaluating Software Providers: The Process

We recommend using the Buyers Guide to assess and evaluate new or existing software providers for your enterprise. The market research can be used as an evaluation framework to establish a formal request for information from providers on products and customer experience and will shorten the cycle time when creating an RFI. The steps listed below provide a process that can facilitate best possible outcomes.

1. Define the business case and goals.
   Define the mission and business case for investment and the expected outcomes from your organizational and technology efforts.
2. Specify the business needs.
   Defining the business requirements helps identify what specific capabilities are required with respect to people, processes, information and technology.
3. Assess the required roles and responsibilities.
   Identify the individuals required for success at every level of the organization from executives to front line workers and determine the needs of each.
4. Outline the project’s critical path.
What needs to be done, in what order and who will do it? This outline should make clear the prior dependencies at each step of the project plan.
5. Ascertain the technology approach.
Determine the business and technology approach that most closely aligns to your organization’s requirements.
6. Establish technology vendor evaluation criteria.
Utilize the product experience: Adaptability, Capability, Manageability, Reliability and Usability, and the customer experience in TCO/ROI and Validation.
7. Evaluate and select the technology properly.
Weight the categories in the technology evaluation criteria to reflect your organization’s priorities to determine the short list of vendors and products.
8. Establish the business initiative team to start the project.
Identify who will lead the project and the members of the team needed to plan and execute it with timelines, priorities and resources.

The Findings

All of the products we evaluated are feature-rich, but not all the capabilities offered by a software provider are equally valuable to types of workers or support everything needed to manage products on a continuous basis. Moreover, the existence of too many capabilities may be a negative factor for an enterprise if it introduces unnecessary complexity. Nonetheless, you may decide that a larger number of features in the product is a plus, especially if some of them match your enterprise’s established practices or support an initiative that is driving the purchase of new software.

Factors beyond features and functions or software provider assessments may become a deciding factor. For example, an enterprise may face budget constraints such that the TCO evaluation can tip the balance to one provider or another. This is where the Value Index methodology and the appropriate category weighting can be applied to determine the best fit of software providers and products to your specific needs.

Overall Scoring of Software Providers Across Categories

The research finds OneStream atop the list, followed by Oracle and Board. Providers that place in the top three of a category earn the designation of Leader. OneStream has done so in six categories, Oracle in four, Anaplan and BlackLine in three, SAP in two and IBM, Workday and Vena Solutions in one category.

The overall representation of the research below places the rating of the Product Experience and Customer Experience on the x and y axes, respectively, to provide a visual representation and classification of the software providers. Those providers whose Product Experience have a higher weighted performance to the axis in aggregate of the five product categories place farther to the right, while the performance and weighting for the two Customer Experience categories determines placement on the vertical axis. In short, software providers that place closer to the upper-right on this chart performed better than those closer to the lower-left.

The research places software providers into one of four overall categories: Assurance, Exemplary, Merit or Innovative. This representation classifies providers’ overall weighted performance.

Exemplary: The categorization and placement of software providers in Exemplary (upper right) represent those that performed the best in meeting the overall Product and Customer Experience requirements. The providers rated Exemplary are: Anaplan, BlackLine, Board, OneStream, Oracle, Prophix, SAP, Vena Solutions and Workday.

Innovative: The categorization and placement of software providers in Innovative (lower right) represent those that performed the best in meeting the overall Product Experience requirements but did not achieve the highest levels of requirements in Customer Experience. The provider rated Innovative is: Planful.

Assurance: The categorization and placement of software providers in Assurance (upper left) represent those that achieved the highest levels in the overall Customer Experience requirements but did not achieve the highest levels of Product Experience.

Merit: The categorization of software providers in Merit (lower left) represents those that did not surpass the thresholds for the Assurance, Exemplary or Innovative categories in Customer or Product Experience. The providers rated Merit are: IBM, HighRadius, Infor, insightsoftware, Jedox, Lucanet, Talentia, Wolters Kluwer, insightsoftware IDL.

We warn that close provider placement proximity should not be taken to imply that the packages evaluated are functionally identical or equally well suited for use by every enterprise or for a specific process. Although there is a high degree of commonality in how enterprises handle financial consolidation, there are many idiosyncrasies and differences in how they do these functions that can make one software provider’s offering a better fit than another’s for a particular enterprise’s needs.

We advise enterprises to assess and evaluate software providers based on organizational requirements and use this research as a supplement to internal evaluation of a provider and products.

Product Experience

The process of researching products to address an enterprise’s needs should be comprehensive. Our Value Index methodology examines Product Experience and how it aligns with an enterprise’s life cycle of onboarding, configuration, operations, usage and maintenance. Too often, software providers are not evaluated for the entirety of the product; instead, they are evaluated on market execution and vision of the future, which are flawed since they do not represent an enterprise’s requirements but how the provider operates. As more software providers orient to a complete product experience, evaluations will be more robust.

The research results in Product Experience are ranked at 80%, or four-fifths, of the overall rating using the specific underlying weighted category performance. Importance was placed on the categories as follows: Usability (15%), Capability (35%), Reliability (10%), Adaptability (10%) and Manageability (10%). This weighting impacted the resulting overall ratings in this research. OneStream, SAP and Oracle were designated Product Experience Leaders. While not Leaders, Board, Workday, Anaplan, BlackLine, Prophix and Vena Solutions were also found to meet a broad range of enterprise product experience requirements.

Customer Experience

The importance of a customer relationship with a software provider is essential to the actual success of the products and technology. The advancement of the Customer Experience and the entire life cycle an enterprise has with its software provider is critical for ensuring satisfaction in working with that provider. Technology providers that have chief customer officers are more likely to have greater investments in the customer relationship and focus more on their success. These leaders also need to take responsibility for ensuring this commitment is made abundantly clear on the website and in the buying process and customer journey.

The research results in Customer Experience are ranked at 20%, or one-fifth, using the specific underlying weighted category performance as it relates to the framework of commitment and value to the software provider-customer relationship. The two evaluation categories are Validation (10%) and TCO/ROI (10%), which are weighted to represent their importance to the overall research.

The software providers that evaluated the highest overall in the aggregated and weighted Customer Experience categories are OneStream, BlackLine and Anaplan. These category leaders best communicate commitment and dedication to customer needs.

Software providers that did not perform well in this category were unable to provide sufficient customer case studies to demonstrate success or articulate their commitment to customer experience and an enterprise’s journey. The selection of a software provider means a continuous investment by the enterprise, so a holistic evaluation must include examination of how they support their customer experience.

Appendix: Software Provider Inclusion

For inclusion in the ISG Buyers Guide™ for Financial Consolidation in 2025, a software provider must have a standalone application (not functionality included in an ERP or accounting system), be in good standing financially and ethically, have at least $50 million in annual or projected revenue, more than 50 employees, sell products and provide support on at least two continents and have at least 25 customers. The principal source of the relevant business unit’s revenue must be software-related, and there must have been at least one major software release in the past 12 months. The product must be capable of accessing data from a variety of sources as well as guiding and managing the consolidation and close processes in an enterprise. Each provider must also meet these requirements: process management, reconciliations management, journal creation and management and analysis and reporting, and optionally include audit facilitation and AI/GenAI support.

The research is designed to be independent of the specifics of software provider packaging and pricing. To represent the real-world environment in which businesses operate, we include providers that offer suites or packages of products that may include relevant individual modules or applications. If a software provider is actively marketing, selling and developing a product for the general market and it is reflected on the provider’s website that the product is within the scope of the research, that provider is automatically evaluated for inclusion.

All software providers that offer relevant financial consolidation products and meet the inclusion requirements were invited to participate in the evaluation process at no cost to them.

Software providers that meet our inclusion criteria but did not completely participate in our Buyers Guide were assessed solely on publicly available information. As this could have a significant impact on classification and ratings, we recommend additional scrutiny when evaluating those providers.

Products Evaluated

Providers of Promise

We did not include software providers that, as a result of our research and analysis, did not satisfy the criteria for inclusion in this Buyers Guide. These are listed below as “Providers of Promise.”